Find a Fixed Point in a given array

CODE

Find a Fixed Point in a given array

Given an array of n distinct integers sorted in ascending order, write a function that returns a Fixed Point in the array, if there is any Fixed Point present in array, else returns -1. Fixed Point in an array is an index i such that arr[i] is equal to i. Note that integers in array can be negative.

Method 1 (Linear Search)

Linearly search for an index i such that arr[i] == i. Return the first such index found.

// program to check fixed point 

// in an array using linear search

#include<stdio.h>

int linearSearch(int arr[], int n)

{

    int i;

    for(i = 0; i < n; i++)

    {

        if(arr[i] == i)

            return i;

    }

    /* If no fixed point present then return -1 */

    return -1;

}   

/* Driver program to check above functions */

int main()

{

    int arr[] = {-10, -1, 0, 3, 10, 11, 30, 50, 100};

    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);

    printf("Fixed Point is %d", linearSearch(arr, n));

    getchar();

    return 0;

}

Output:

Fixed Point is 3

Method 2 (Binary Search)

First check whether middle element is Fixed Point or not. If it is, then return it; otherwise check whether index of middle element is greater than value at the index. If index is greater, then Fixed Point(s) lies on the right side of the middle point (obviously only if there is a Fixed Point). Else the Fixed Point(s) lies on left side.

//  program to check fixed point 

// in an array using binary search

#include<stdio.h>

int binarySearch(int arr[], int low, int high)

{

    if(high >= low)

    {

        int mid = (low + high)/2;  /*low + (high - low)/2;*/

        if(mid == arr[mid])

            return mid;

        if(mid > arr[mid])

            return binarySearch(arr, (mid + 1), high);

        else

            return binarySearch(arr, low, (mid -1));

    }

    /* Return -1 if there is no Fixed Point */

    return -1;

}

/* Driver program to check above functions */

int main()

{

    int arr[10] = {-10, -1, 0, 3, 10, 11, 30, 50, 100};

    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);

    printf("Fixed Point is %d", binarySearch(arr, 0, n-1));

    getchar();

    return 0;

}

Output:

Fixed Point is 3

Examples:

  Input: arr[] = {-10, -5, 0, 3, 7}

  Output: 3  // arr[3] == 3

  Input: arr[] = {0, 2, 5, 8, 17}

  Output: 0  // arr[0] == 0

  Input: arr[] = {-10, -5, 3, 4, 7, 9}

  Output: -1  // No Fixed Point